Nmap for Pentester – PORT STATE

The document discusses the different states of ports that Nmap recognizes during network scanning, including Open, Closed, Filtered, Unfiltered, Open|Filtered, and Closed|Filtered ports. It provides details on how Nmap interprets these states based on the responses received from the target machine. The document also explains scenarios where ports are classified as Unfiltered, indicating accessibility but uncertainty in their state, and Open|Filtered or Closed|Filtered when Nmap cannot definitively determine if a port is open or filtered. Additionally, it covers techniques like ACK scans, SYN scans, and Xmas scans used to identify firewall presence and port states accurately.